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Life on Earth  
 
Origin and Evolution of Life

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Life on Earth

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  Questions about Life on Earth
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bullet I have been really scared about this 2012 conspiracy. I am writing because I would like you to make another YouTube video to explain how you know from a scientists’ point of view that nothing is going to happen. Here are some of the things I am scared of. 1) Planet X Theory 2) Mayan Calendar 3) Rotation of the Earth 4) Earth coming off Its axis 5) Galactic Alignment 6) Asteroid heading toward Earth. Could you make another video about this theory again please?
  Thanks for the suggestion, but I think the best way for you to get the information you want is by reading the extensive material that is available at 2012hoax http://2012hoax.org, on my NASA website Click here for more.
bullet Please recommend a 'lay' book about the origin of life on earth. Did it come from asteroids? From volcanic vents in the deep ocean? Panspermia? I have read several books including those by De Duve, Dyson, Schopf and Cech. Didn't enjoy Davies' much. Any other good books?
  You have already read several of the classics about the origin of life. You probably also realize that many questions about life's origin, while extremely interesting and important, have not yet been answered with any certainty. For a current perspective we recommend “Genesis: The Scientific Quest f... Click here for more.
bullet How come the mainstream media talks about an "end of all technology" doomsday scenario after the May 2013 solar flare event, even quoting Nasa. I saw it first on the History Channel, then that now famous Michio Kaku video, and after that, pretty much every newspaper website I could find ran the same story, quoting Nasa scientist Richard Fleischer and reporting the same data: 7% chance of end-of-tech doomsday happening. Yet you say we have nothing to worry about. Who should I believe? Yours is the only voice I could find on the internet that isn't saying we will be living in Mad Max mode by May 2013, and I'm really terrified of this story!
  I am aware of the History Channel's scary "documentaries" on the Sun and of the statements by Michio Kaku, who is no solar scientist and often confuses the facts. I do take seriously the 2010 comments from NASA's Richard Fisher (not Fleischer) Click here for more.
bullet I know how rare a super-eruption is at Yellowstone, but is it likely if there was that there would be a volcanic winter?
  Yes, by definition a super-volcanic eruption has an effect on climate. However, I don't know how much of an effect, since there has not been a super-volcanic eruption since humans began keeping records of climate, weather, and agricultural yields. Some scientists think that the Tambora super-eruptio... Click here for more.
bullet From what i know the earth needs co2 and the more the better. I am not a scientist but from what i read the earth goes threw stages of ice ages and warm stages. What is the evidence that man made co2 is warming the earth and what caused earlier ice ages etc because that can't be blamed on co2?
  I have posted answers to many questions about global warming, most recently on Aug 1, Jun 29, Jun 12, and May 23 of this year. However, I don’t think I have directly responded your claim that more CO2 is better. One reason is that this statement has only surfaced recently as the global warming denia... Click here for more.
bullet Is it true that on December 21 2012 that there will be a shift in the earth due to the sun and moon lining up
  I hope this question is a joke. For anyone who doesn’t think this is funny, I remind you that any two objects like the Sun and Moon are always “lined up”. Two points define a line. If this is a suggestion that the Sun and Moon are lined up with the Earth, that does not work either. On Dec 21 we are ... Click here for more.
bullet I just read the fascinating interview you gave to Dan Duray, and I wanted to let you know that I found it very inspiring. Know that young scientists such as myself respect your candor and the time and energy you give to an occasionally unappreciative public. AND I just read an article about what you are doing here. This American taxpayer -- and I am sure millions of others -- thanks you for your efforts. AND I just read a profile about your column on theawl.com, and I'm deeply, deeply sorry that you have to deal with the apocalypse people. Keep up the good work, and don't let the crazies get you down. AND The ability you maintain to keep going, speaks volumes about your love for science and education. I will remember how a single NASA scientist took it upon himself to field such questions and spread his knowledge.
  These four comments (which I appreciate) refer to the on-line interview "NASA Apocalypse Expert" just published at [http://www.theawl.com/2012/09/nasa-apocalypse-expert]. The interview focuses on my responses to the hundreds of ques... Click here for more.
bullet I watched a documentary saying all the water on earth came from meteors containing water crystals hitting earth for millions of years. This left me wondering how the oceans became salty? Did those meteors contain sodium, or did it get there by some other process?
  Actually, the water reached us through impacts by comets and asteroids over 4 billion (not million) years, although probably most of the water arrived during the first billion years of Earth history. But that is only the beginning of the story of water on Earth. As soon as there was land, rain could... Click here for more.
bullet I recently read that a Pompeii supervolcano was supposed to erupt soon. I am a mother of 5 and really don't know if i should prepare for a catastrophe! I’m very worried. AND Is it true that there is an Italian Supervolcano and a Supervolcano believed to be simmering under Yellowstone in U.S.?
  Please don’t worry about supervolcano eruptions, which are extremely rare. The most recent supervolcano eruption was at Lake Toba, Indonesia, about 75,000 years ago http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toba_catastrophe_theory. See my posted ... Click here for more.
bullet I see on many websites that a new Mayan calendar has been found and the world won't end. Is it true? AND Why do other civilizations have the same date as the Mayans for the end of the world?
  The Maya, in their writings and stone inscriptions, never predicted the end of the world in December 2012. They did not even suggest minor disasters when their calendar roles over into the 14th baktun. The idea that the Maya predicted any sort of doomsday is a modern (20th century) idea imposed by n... Click here for more.
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