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Origin and Evolution of Life

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  Questions about Life Science & Human Exploration
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bullet I'm not sure if someone already asked this question, but, who has been on the moon? I mean, what are the names of the people who have been on the moon?
  I have answered this before; the 12 Apollo astronauts who walked on the Moon were Buzz Aldrin, Neil Armstrong, Alan Bean, Gene Cernan, Pete Conrad, Moss Duke, James Irwin, Stuart Roosa, Jack Schmidt, Dave Scott, Al Shepard, and Jim Young. For a dramatic telling of the Apollo story, I recommend the ... Click here for more.
bullet Bravo! I have never spent a more interesting and entertaining hour on the internet than reading the many weird and wonderful questions and answers on this web page. You deserve a medal for the painstaking replies to what amount to some of the most bizarre and confusingly vague questions I've ever seen. My question is this; how do you find time to deal with all of us internet nuts AND get your proper work done too? And secondly; are there any current plans, that you know of, to send hamsters into space? Would you agree that, given their obvious and well documented ability to design and construct vast interstellar spacecraft, hamsters probably originated from space? I believe Buzz Aldrin once commented to that effect in a television interview - surely then this must be true? Many thanks.
  Thanks for contributing a little humor into my day! David Morrison
NAI Senior Scientist
bullet When an astronaut lands in space he float in surrounding. Any mass floats in space. Even if we throw water with the help of our hand,it floats in surrounding. Similarly our heart works as 'throwing' the blood through arteries. Thus our blood should alos float in our body insted of circulating! So will'nt this cause any harmful effect on astronauts?
  Things "float" in space not because of space itself, but because they are in free fall -- not resting on the surface of Earth or Moon or any other object. This microgravity condition in free fall applies to liquids like water as well as to solids. In contrast, our heart works as a pump to keep the b... Click here for more.
bullet why does nasa not use electricity and the rail system to launch equipment from earth into space and beyond?
  Because the Earth has an atmosphere. An electro-magnetic rail system would provide an interesting option for launches from the Moon, which has 1/6 the Earth's gravity and no atmosphere. But on Earth, atmospheric friction would dissipate much of the momentum imparted from a rail system as soon as the... Click here for more.
bullet How zero gravity is created in biological experiments on earth
  The only way to create true microgravity on Earth is in an airplane flying a "free fall" trajectory that gives about a minute of zero g. The main NASA plane that is used for these experiments is known as the "vomit comet" for obvious reasons. Most biological experiments require long exposure, of cou... Click here for more.
bullet My Question involves Far InfraRed Wave technology and its health benefits. There a numerous products being touted on various websites offering health products that provide FIR waves that improve the health of an individual as the FIR waves permeate a person. Now... many of these website tout a NASA study on NASA's findings on the benefits of FIR waves. I'd like to know if NASA actually does have such a study or has commented on the health value of FIR waves.
  FIR is a fancy name for heat. There is no known special health benefit from far infrared waves, beyond the fact that warming muscles can increase circulation and make them feel better. NASA does not endorse any of these products. Here is the answer I posted recently to a similar question: the health... Click here for more.
bullet If an astronaut were to Light a candle in a space shuttle in a very very very low gravity (since there is no known no-gravity part of space) part of space, which direction would the flame go, or wouldn't it light at all?
  Gravity exists everywhere. "Zero-g" or "micro-g" is not primarily a function of where you are; the pull of Earth's gravity is essentially the same at the Space Station or the Shuttle as on the ground. One gets microgravity there because the Space Station and the Shuttle are in "free fall", which is ... Click here for more.
bullet I have heard that the shuttle program is likely to end in three years. Is this correct? When is the last flight? Why is the program being discontinued? How will transport to the space station be done in future years?
  Yes, the Space Shuttle is being discontinued in order to save money that can be spent on developing a new, more advanced system to access space. The Shuttle is very expensive to fly and is based on technology that is more than 30 years old. Even the NASA Administrator, Mike Griffin, has been quoted ... Click here for more.
bullet There are several companies that claim to sell real estate on the moon. Do any of these have any legal validity? Has there been a test case where one of these companies has been taken to court for obtaining money by deception? I thought the moon had legal status similar to antartica?
  The Moon, like the Antarctic, is an international preserve, protected by treaty. No sales of land there are valid, although I don't know of any test case. I doubt this issue would be accepted by the courts, who probably recognize that sales of land on the Moon are for "entertainment" only (just like... Click here for more.
bullet Apologies if you have been asked before, but -- Surely there is a telescope on earth that can see evidence of the moon missions and therefore put to bed any suspicion that man has not been there?
  Telescopes on Earth have been used many times to bounce laser light off of retro-reflectors placed on the Moon by the Apollo astronauts, but someone who denies that we went to the Moon could always claim these devices were placed there robotically rather than by astronauts. But even if we had clear ... Click here for more.
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